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U carvunaru (The charcoal)

come from a family where the craft of charcoal has been confessed and handed down from generation to generation, my grandfather Nino (Antonino), the My uncles ( Ciccio , Peppe and Saru all immigrants) and my father ( Natu , picture).
craft now lost.
craft that was once one of the dl my country and economic resources of our area.
tools available sickle ( Runca ) and ax (facet). The chain saw (u serruni ) came later, who was able to do, saving great effort and streamlining the hard work.
U carvunaru could be considered as the operator ecological ( spazzinu ) of the forest. Why was the ring terminal of a chain of deforestation controlled. The first woodcutter who drew logs from the trees ( chianche ), then transport can be carried by oxen ( paru you) and mules. The differences that were not used for trade in timber and coal were used by.
first act of coal was the place where the wood was turned into coal, ie coal (pit the carvuni ). This was a plan ( chianu Pit) located in a site sheltered from the wind, the worst enemy of the charcoal, and rarely at the bottom of a valley. You always looked at the foot of a mountain or hill, near a river for three reasons: 1
. the wood was thrown or carried by hand and then downhill was easier,
2. was protected from the wind
3. as we will see because the water is an important element for the processing of coal. The
plan was done with the digging picone (PICU ) and spade (shovel) transforming the chosen area in a horizontal level almost perfect. The diameter of the plan was variable and dependent on the amount of wood used by 5 m to 10 m.
were saying all that was left by the passage of the woodcutter was used by carbonaru . The wood was treated with a Runca facet and that is divided ( rrimundatu ). The pieces of wood so produced had a length of roughly m sections ranged from about 2 to about 12 cm.
The wood was delivered or launched chianu pit. This played a key role women. Once on
chianu is positioned at the edge of the wood chianu same. The arrangement was circular ( rrotari ( fig .1) with an upward trend of the diameter of the wood from the bottom up. We began to prepare the grave itself, an example of fine craftsmanship.
At the base of the pit were placed in bundles ( rrami ) and above them were available and organized the pit. The usefulness of rrami , too 'their waste products, it was:
1. because the wood was in contact with the earth
2. because it was a sort of mesh that did not hinder the passage of smoke, all for having the highest yield in the processing of wood into charcoal. The wood in contact with the ground and turned ( maturari ) and stayed for part of smoked wood ( marruni ). The marruni were valuable for cooking frittuli that were parts of the pig (nose, feet, ears, etc..) That were not used for the production of sausages. The marruni had different qualities and some of those that were not produced and the flame that burned slowly. As seen in these two examples in poor societies was used throughout, there was no deficit.
the center of the pit was placed on the chimney composed of large logs ( ccippi ) the length of 50 cm and placed one above the other, leaving the center empty. This was a real chimney as seen in the roofs of our homes. He had to resist the force exerted fresh log afterwards placed on it. This was one of the skills of carvunaru . The chimney was not built in its entirety but rather it led to higher level than the first layer of wood that supported them. The wood that was leaning at an angle and was placed vertically, outside to inside. Once you reach the ideal level of the first layer of wood they proceeded to complete the chimney. He put the wood on the first level and then on until the completion of the pit, placing the wood with a decreasing diameter from the inside out until all of the same ( FIG .2). An important skill was to be less space between the pieces of wood to another.
Then he proceeded coverage. It is covered by material available. The place and time was very important. In the summer we worked more in the mountains and ferns were used much or failing that they used the leaves of the forest of beech trees were abundant. Winter moved to warmer climates and used turf with green grass or moss. This produced a gap between the wood and earth. The earth was made from the bottom up and always fought with a spade. Once the pit was covered with wet earth and from above with a fully equipped bar that was typical of the blade ligno . This was a masterly piece of tree trunk shaped by carvunaro up to the shape of an oar, but a bit 'more often. Once you stop and compacted earth they proceeded to set fire. It left open the top of the chimney and from there on. He often used a typical piece of pine wood with high resin content (in deda ) who once set fire lasted a long time over it and they put dry branches. It covered the top with big blocks and then the cavity and the earth ( FIG .3).
holes are bored on the top of the pit at a distance of about 60-70 cm. about to release the smoke when the smoke turned white cover and practiced other lower holes and always up to the lower limit of the pit. The pit was still under surveillance to prevent it could be areas free from soil and so ignite. It happened very often in the vicinity of the holes are formed concavities. this was a sign that the wood burned and charred under. At this point he took off the ground and placed the wood in sosituzione and covered ( civare ). The morning and the evening was wet and the pit stop.
When the flame went out the last hole was a sign that the pit was cooked. It is covered with Earth and the holes left from two to five days to cool.
A sign over the exit holes of the fire pit for cooking was another feature as the lower limit was forming a step. He proceeded to
scarvunari or to remove the coal. The land was placed at the edge of the plan to be reused the next pit. Prior to extraction of coal was bathed for two reasons one to temper the same coal and make it more flexible and the other to turn off any outbreak of fire.
The outside was more brittle because it was made of wood thinner and had always advocated for by the constant beating of fossa. The middle part, and a wide area, consisted of pieces of wood and charred whole. It looked like the pit but instead of being freshly prepared green was black. These were placed outside on the earth that was removed from the ditch. The inner part was composed of coal bigger. After this operation proceeded
all'insaccamento. They were jute bags (the bags Zambara ) from the variable capacity from 40 to 60 kg .
she first large pieces, in addition to these pieces of smaller dimensions, the so-called charcoal ( Cinesa ) properly sifted, to cover the spaces left between the workpiece and the other so as to compact the bag. So up to the edge where you can still put the long pieces to avoid any loss of the coal. Were tied with string that was passed through the holes at the edges of the bag by a small branch pointed ( piruni ). And here ended all the work of 7-15 days.